Introduction

Wrinkles are a natural part of aging. As you grow older, your skin gets thinner, drier and less elastic. And it becomes less able to protect itself from damage. As a result, wrinkles, lines and creases form in your skin. Although genetics are the most important determiner of skin texture, a major contributor to wrinkles is spending too much time in the sun. Smoking also can negatively affect how your skin looks.If your wrinkles are bothering you, you have more options than ever to help eliminate or at least diminish their appearance. Medications, skin resurfacing techniques, fillers, injectables and surgery top the list of effective wrinkle treatments.Wrinkle treatments can smooth out your skin, but the results aren't permanent. As you age, your skin continues to acquire new wrinkles. And sun exposure and smoking may hasten the development of new wrinkles. Though you can't turn back the hands of time, you can take steps to protect your skin from further damage.

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About Our Skin

What does our skin do?

• A waterproof coat

• Keeps bugs out

• Breathes

• Regulates temperature

• Protection from sun

• Synthesises products needed by the body 

• Excretes waste products

What can go wrong? 

  Wrinkle formation – 3 main types

• Dry skin

• Itchy, flaky skin

• Loss of tupor

• Age spots

• Changes in the tone of the skin

• Reduction in the skin thickness

• Production of cellulite

Main types of wrinkles :

 Expression wrinkles

 Ageing derived wrinkles

 Wrinkles related to metabolic changes

 Expression wrinkles or Mimic lines as they are also called

 One of the most striking signs of skin ageing is the relative intensity of frown and wrinkle lines on the forehead and the eye area. There is also an increase of the intensity of wrinkles on the chin, upper lip, neck and nasal area, among others. This can occur naturally over time and is identified by certain biochemical, histological and physiological changes that are enhanced by environmental exposure. There are, however, other secondary factors that can cause characteristic folds, furrows and creases of the face, such as the constant pull of gravity, frequent and constant positional pressure on the skin of the face ( e.g. during sleep ) or repeated facial movements caused by the contraction of the muscles of facial expression . From a physiological point of view, the formation of this particular type of wrinkle is due, at least partly, to the excessive stimulation of the muscle fibres in the face, which pull inwards the skin giving rise to the well-known “expression wrinkles “.  

 Ageing derivedwrinkles

Wrinkles related to metabolic changes

 Today, it is widely accepted that ROS ( Reactive Oxygen Species ), RNS ( Reactive Nitrogen Species ) and RCS ( Reactive Carbonyl Species ) can cause premature ageing of the skin. These are highly reactive molecules which can be found in pollution and can also be formed deep within the skins structure by exposure to UVA light. These species have a detrimental effect on the production of collagen, elastin and hyaluronic acid which can lead to the production of wrinkles.

Dry skin

• Simply, caused by lack of moisture in the skin.

• TEWL – “trans epidermal water loss”

• Restore the level of moisture!

 Itchy, flaky skin

•  Can be caused by a reduction of moisture

•  Accelerated keratinisation

•  Reaction to internal aggressors

– Smoking

– Alcohol consumption

– Drugs

•  Reaction to external aggressors

– Chemicals

– Sunlight

 Loss of tupor

• Cross-linking of collagen & elastin

• Reduction in levels of collagen, elastin etc, caused by cross linking

• Reduction in the rate of keratinisation

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